制动过程中，由于制动器某些零部件的损坏或发生故障，使运动部件(或运动机械)不能保持停止状态或不能按要求停止运动的现象。
In the braking process, because of the damage or failure of some parts of the brake, the moving parts (or the moving machinery) can not keep the stop state or stop the movement as required.
制动失灵的原因
Causes of brake failure
制动失灵的关键在于制动系统无法对汽车施加足够的制动力，包括制动液管路液位不足或进入空气、制动器无法正常工作、制动控制系统故障等原因都会导致出现制动失灵。
The key to brake failure is that the brake system can not exert enough brake force on the vehicle, including insufficient brake fluid level or air entering into the pipeline, the brake can not work properly, the brake control system failure and other reasons will lead to brake failure.
处理方法
processing method
遇到这样的情况首先要保持冷静。眼睛盯住前面的路面，继续控制方向盘。集中注意力在车辆前面的路况上，注意前方的车辆、行人以及障碍物。在做好上面的工作之后，排查种制动失灵的状况，就是看是否有异物卡在了制动踏板的下面，如果是这样，用脚将异物踢开，绝对不要弯腰去用手操作。如果不是则要警告其他车辆的驾驶员以及行人。
In such a situation, first of all, we must remain calm. Keep an eye on the road ahead and continue to control the steering wheel. Concentrate on the road ahead of the vehicle, and pay attention to vehicles, pedestrians and obstacles ahead. After doing the above work, check the first brake failure situation, is to see if there is a foreign body stuck under the brake pedal, if so, kick the foreign body with the foot, never bend down to operate by hand. If not, warn other drivers and pedestrians.
把双闪警示灯打开，并用喇叭提醒周围的车辆以及行人你的车子出了问题。即使你不能告诉周围的人你究竟出了什么问题，这种提醒也可以让他们注意到你的车，而且会小心地关注你的车辆下一步的动作。
Turn on the double flashing warning light and use the horn to remind the surrounding vehicles and pedestrians that your car is having problems. Even if you can't tell the people around you what's wrong with you, this reminder will alert them to your car and watch carefully what your car is going to do next.
第三，来回踩踏制动踏板，这可以帮助恢复制动系统中的压力，这有可能使你的制动系统恢复正常。如果有时间的话，你可以多尝试几次这样的操作。第四，尽快挂入低挡，尤其是当你驾驶的是手动变速的车辆。第五，除了挂入低挡位的方法之外，还可以应用驻车制动来减速。后，如果上面的方法都不能使车辆减速，就只能利用一切可以利用的障碍使车辆停下来。
Third, pedaling the brake pedal back and forth can help restore pressure in the braking system, which may restore your braking system to normal. If you have time, you can try several times. Fourth, hang up low gear as soon as possible, especially when you drive a manual variable speed vehicle. Fifth, in addition to the low gear, the parking brake can also be used to slow down. Finally, if none of the above methods can slow the vehicle down, all the available obstacles can be used to stop the vehicle.
制动失灵的判断与排除
Judgement and elimination of brake failure
1)连续踩下制动踏板，如踏板逐渐升高且有弹性感觉，但稍停一会后再踩踏板时仍然很低，即为制动系统内有空气，这时应对制动系统进行排气。
1) Continuous step down the brake pedal, such as the pedal gradually elevated and elastic feeling, but after a short pause when the pedal is still very low, that is, there is air in the brake system, the brake system should be exhausted.
2)一脚制动不灵，但连续踩几次踏板时制动效果很好，一般为制动踏板自由行程过大或制动间隙过大。应调整踏板自由行程，而后检查制动器间隙，必要时进行制动器解体修理。
2) One foot braking failure, but the continuous pedal several times when the braking effect is very good, generally for the brake pedal free travel or brake clearance is too large. The pedal free travel should be adjusted, then the brake clearance should be checked, and the brake should be disassembled and repaired if necessary.
3)踩下制动踏板时，不软弱不沉，但就是制动效果不良，这一现象为车轮制动器故障，如制动蹄片有油或接触不良、摩擦片老化、磨损、制动鼓磨损不均。应对制动技术状况进行检查，必要时进行调整和修复。
3) When stepping on the brake pedal, it is not weak and not sinking, but the braking effect is not good, this phenomenon is the wheel brake fault, such as brake shoe oil or poor contact, friction aging, wear, brake drum wear uneven. Check the braking technology status and adjust and repair if necessary.
With the summary of Jinan Benz car maintenance, I hope it will be helpful to our customers. If you don't understand or ask for help, please click on our official website: http://www.lutongqixiu.com or call us for advice. We will try our best to solve it for you.
