一、汽车常见故障与维修指南？

1、 Common faults and maintenance guidelines for automobiles?

汽车在日常使用中，常会出现各种故障。

Cars often encounter various malfunctions in daily use.

这些故障有些是小问题，有些则较为严重。

Some of these faults are minor issues, while others are more serious.

下面将介绍一些常见的汽车故障。

Below will introduce some common car malfunctions.

电池故障：汽车电池是提供电力给整车系统的关键部件。

Battery failure: The car battery is a key component that provides electricity to the entire vehicle system.

如果电池老化、漏液或接触不良，就可能导致车辆无法启动或无法充电。

If the battery ages, leaks or has poor contact, it may cause the vehicle to fail to start or charge.

这时候，需要检查电池的电压和充电器的工作情况。

At this point, it is necessary to check the voltage of the battery and the working condition of the charger.

发动机故障：发动机是汽车的心脏，常见的故障包括点火系统故障、燃油供应问题和气缸失压等。

Engine failure: The engine is the heart of a car, and common failures include ignition system failure, fuel supply issues, and cylinder loss of pressure.

发动机故障可能导致车辆动力不足、抖动或无法启动。

Engine failure may result in insufficient power, shaking, or inability to start the vehicle.

修复发动机故障需要技术和工具。

Repairing engine malfunctions requires professional skills and tools.

刹车故障：刹车是保证行车的重要系统，故障可能导致制动不灵、抖动或制动不均。

Brake failure: The brake is an important system to ensure driving safety, and a failure may cause ineffective braking, shaking, or uneven braking.

刹车故障的原因包括刹车片磨损、制动液泄漏或制动系统气泡等。

The causes of brake failures include brake pad wear, brake fluid leakage, or brake system bubbles.

发现刹车故障时，应及时检修或更换刹车零件。

When a brake malfunction is found, it should be promptly repaired or replaced with brake parts.

轮胎故障：轮胎是汽车与地面接触的部件，常见故障包括胎压过低、胎纹磨损不均和爆胎等。

Tire malfunction: Tires are components of a car that come into contact with the ground. Common malfunctions include low tire pressure, uneven tread wear, and tire blowouts.

轮胎故障会降低车辆操控性能，增加刹车距离和打滑风险。

Tire failure can reduce vehicle handling performance, increase braking distance, and increase the risk of slipping.

定期检查轮胎磨损情况和胎压，及时更换磨损严重的轮胎。

Regularly check tire wear and pressure, and replace severely worn tires in a timely manner.

底盘故障：底盘包括悬挂系统、转向系统和传动系统等部件，常见故障有悬挂部件磨损、助力转向异常和变速器故障等。

Chassis failure: The chassis includes components such as suspension system, steering system, and transmission system. Common failures include worn suspension components, abnormal power steering, and transmission failure.

底盘故障会影响行车舒适性和操控性能，需要及时检修或更换故障部件。

Chassis malfunctions can affect driving comfort and handling performance, requiring timely maintenance or replacement of faulty components.

点火系统故障：点火系统包括火花塞和高压线圈等部件，故障可能导致发动机启动困难或运转不稳定。

Ignition system malfunction: The ignition system includes components such as spark plugs and high-voltage coils, which may cause difficulty starting or unstable operation of the engine.

点火系统故障的原因有火花塞磨损、火花塞线圈老化或电源线脱落等。

The causes of ignition system failures include wear of spark plugs, aging of spark plug coils, or detachment of power lines.

检修或更换点火系统部件可以解决问题。

Repairing or replacing ignition system components can solve the problem.

空调系统故障：空调是车辆的舒适性配置，常见故障有制冷效果差、异味和漏水等。

Air conditioning system malfunction: Air conditioning is a comfort configuration for vehicles, and common faults include poor cooling effect, odor, and water leakage.

空调系统故障的原因有制冷剂泄漏、空调滤清器堵塞或压缩机故障等。

The causes of air conditioning system malfunctions include refrigerant leakage, clogged air conditioning filters, or compressor failure.