车架是什么
What is the frame
济南奥迪汽车维修厂家提醒，车架是跨接在汽车前后车桥上的框架式结构，俗称大梁，是汽车的基体，就像人类的骨架。
Jinan Audi car repair manufacturer reminds that the frame is a frame structure that spans the front and rear axles of the car, commonly known as the main beam, which is the base of the car, just like the human skeleton.
车架的作用
The function of the frame
支撑、连接汽车各总成，使各总成保持相对正确的安装位置，并承载汽车内外的各种载荷。必须具有足够的强度和刚度，以承受汽车的载荷和从车轮传来的冲击。
Support and connect various car assemblies to maintain their relative correct installation positions and carry various loads inside and outside the car. It must have sufficient strength and stiffness to withstand the load of the car and the impact transmitted from the wheels.
车架的组成
Composition of the frame
一般由两根纵梁和几根横梁组成，经由悬挂装置、前桥、后桥支承在车轮上。
It is generally composed of two longitudinal beams and several crossbeams, supported on the wheels through suspension devices, front and rear axles.
车架的分类
Classification of frame
车架目前根据结构形式不同分为周边式车架、脊梁式车架、梯形车架及桁架式车架。
The frame is currently divided into peripheral frame, backbone frame, trapezoidal frame, and truss frame based on different structural forms.
周边式车架（大型轿车常用）
Peripheral frame (commonly used in large sedans)
车架中部加宽，不设横梁，其主要件常用封闭形断面。
The middle of the frame is widened without a crossbeam, and its main components are often enclosed in sections.
特点：地板高度低、乘客舱面积大、结构简单、易于制造等。
Features: Low floor height, large passenger compartment area, simple structure, easy to manufacture, etc.
脊梁式车架（货车）
Backbone frame (truck)
脊梁式车架只有一根位于且贯穿汽车前后的纵梁。纵梁断面形关可以是圆管或箱形。
The backbone frame has only one longitudinal beam located in the center and running through the front and rear of the car. The cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal beam can be circular or box shaped.
特点：车架质量小、强度与钢度较大。同时车架的制造精度要求高、保养维修困难。
Features: The frame has low mass, high strength and rigidity. At the same time, the manufacturing accuracy requirements of the frame are high, and maintenance and repair are difficult.
梯形车架（商用货车及部分客车）
Trapezoidal frame (commercial trucks and some passenger cars)
由两根纵梁和若干横梁组成。纵梁断面形状为槽形、Z字形或箱形等。
Composed of two longitudinal beams and several crossbeams. The cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal beam is groove shaped, Z-shaped, or box shaped.
纵梁在水平面内或纵向平面内可以做成弯曲的。
Longitudinal beams can be bent in a horizontal or longitudinal plane.
特点：抗弯强度大，零件安装坚固、方便等。
Features: High bending strength, sturdy and convenient installation of parts, etc.
桁架式车架（赛车）
Truss frame (racing)
桁架式车架由钢管组合焊接而成。
The truss frame is composed of welded steel pipes.
特点：刚度大，质量小，但是制造困难。
Features: High stiffness, low mass, but difficult to manufacture.
架式车架由钢管组合焊接而成。具有刚度大、质量小的特点，但制造困难，主要用于赛车。
The frame is composed of welded steel pipes. It has the characteristics of high stiffness and low mass, but it is difficult to manufacture and is mainly used for racing.
副车架
Subframe
副车架并非完整的车架，只是支承前后车桥、悬架的支架，使车桥、悬挂通过它再与“正车架”相连，习惯上称为“副架”。
The subframe is not a complete frame, but a bracket that supports the front and rear axles and suspensions, connecting them to the "front frame" through it, commonly known as the "subframe".
车架断裂或变形的原因
Reasons for frame breakage or deformation
1、汽车行驶在不平路面上，引起的车架垂直冲击载荷，超过车架的许用应力。另外，在汽车上下坡、转弯或装载不均时，也会引起车架局部过载而导致车架断裂。
1. The vertical impact load on the vehicle frame caused by driving on uneven roads exceeds the allowable stress of the frame. In addition, when the car is going up or down slopes, turning, or loading unevenly, it can also cause local overloading of the frame and cause it to break.
2、车架设计或附属装置造成局部转矩而使车架断裂。如有的车架纵梁前部横截面较小，同时因发动机和变速器的影响，故横梁分布较少，从而使车架的刚度变差，若在动载作用下，可能导致纵梁前部断裂，即常见在纵梁下翼断裂。另外，车架还受垂宜于纵梁的悬臂载荷（如油箱、悬架和备胎等）所产生的局部扭曲，也是造成车架断裂的原因。
2. The frame design or accessory devices cause local torque that causes the frame to break. If the front cross-sectional area of some frame longitudinal beams is small, and due to the influence of the engine and transmission, the distribution of the transverse beams is less, resulting in a decrease in the stiffness of the frame. If under dynamic load, it may cause the front of the longitudinal beam to fracture, which is commonly seen in the lower wing of the longitudinal beam. In addition, the frame is also subjected to local twisting caused by cantilever loads perpendicular to the longitudinal beam (such as fuel tank, suspension, and spare tire), which is also the cause of frame fracture.
3、汽车行驶时，前轮一侧受到很大阻力，使车架易发生对角线的平面变形。
3. When a car is driving, there is significant resistance on one side of the front wheel, which makes the frame prone to diagonal plane deformation.
4、汽车发生撞击事故，严重的撞击会造成车架变形
4. Car collision accidents, severe impacts can cause frame deformation
车架变形是指车架改变了原来的几何形状，并使在车架上安装的各总成零件相对位置发生变化，引程车辆的技术状况变坏，导致汽车不能正常行驶。车架变形常因作用于车架的力超过其弹性极限，当作用于车架的力后，车架不能恢复原状，形成了残余变形。还有什么问题就来我们网站
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Frame deformation refers to the change in the original geometric shape of the frame, resulting in changes in the relative positions of various assembly parts installed on the frame, and the deterioration of the technical condition of the vehicle, resulting in the inability of the vehicle to operate normally. Frame deformation is often caused by the force acting on the frame exceeding its elastic limit. After the force applied to the frame is eliminated, the frame cannot be restored to its original state, resulting in residual deformation. If you have any further questions, please come to our website http://www.lutongqixiu.com Consult!
