减少宝马发动机气缸套磨损措施
Measures to reduce wear of BMW engine cylinder liner
1、气缸套安装位置不当在安装气缸套时，若存在安装误差，气缸中心线和曲轴轴线不垂直，会造成气缸套非正常磨损。
1. When the cylinder liner is not installed properly, if there are installation errors, the center line and crankshaft axis of the cylinder are not vertical, which will cause abnormal wear of the cylinder liner.
2、连杆铜套孔偏斜在修理中，铰削连杆小头铜套时，铰刀倾斜而造成连杆铜套孔偏斜，活塞销中心线与连杆小头中心线不平行，迫使活塞向气缸套的某一边倾斜，也会造成气缸套非正常磨损。
2. When the connecting rod copper sleeve hole is skewed in repairing, when the connecting rod small head copper sleeve is reamed, the reamer inclines and causes the connecting rod copper sleeve hole skewed. The center line of the piston pin is not parallel to the center line of the connecting rod small head, which forces the piston to incline to one side of the cylinder liner, and also causes abnormal wear of the cylinder liner.
减少气缸套磨损的措施
Measures to Reduce Cylinder Liner Wear
1、正确起动和起步发动机冷车起动时
1. Correct Start and Start Engine Cold Start
由于温度低，机油粘度大，流动性差，使机油泵供油不足。同时，原气缸壁上的机油在停车后沿气缸壁下流，因此在起动的瞬间得不到正常工作时那样良好的润滑，致使起动时气缸璧磨损大大增加。因此，初次起动时，应先使发动机空转几圈，待摩擦表面得到润滑后再起动。起动后应怠速运转升温，严禁猛轰油口，待机油温度达到40℃时再起步；起步应坚持挂低速档，并循序每一档位行驶一段里程，直到油温正常，方可转为正常行驶。
Because of the low temperature, high oil viscosity and poor fluidity, the oil pump is insufficient. At the same time, the oil on the original cylinder wall flows down along the cylinder wall after stopping, so it can not be lubricated as well as normal work at the moment of starting, resulting in a great increase in cylinder abrasion during starting. Therefore, when starting for the first time, the engine should be idled several times before starting after the friction surface is lubricated. After starting, idle operation should be warmed up, no heavy bombardment of oil outlet should be prohibited, and start when oil temperature reaches 40 C. Starting should adhere to hanging low gear, and drive a mile in sequence in each gear, until the oil temperature is normal, it can be turned into normal driving.
2、正确选用润滑油要严格按季节和发动机性能要求选用佳粘度值的润滑油，
2. The proper choice of lubricating oil should be based strictly on the season and engine performance requirements to select the lubricating oil with the best viscosity value.
不可随意购用劣质润滑油，并经常检查和保持润滑油的数量与质量。
It is not allowed to purchase inferior lubricants at will, and the quantity and quality of lubricants should be checked and maintained regularly.
3、加强滤清器的保养使空气滤清器、
3. Strengthen the maintenance of the filter to make the air filter,
机油滤清器和燃油滤清器保持良好的工作状态，对减轻气缸套的磨损关重要。加强对“三滤”的保养，是防止机械杂质进入气缸，减轻气缸磨损，延长发动机使用寿命的一项重要措施，在农村和多风沙地区尤为重要。有的驾驶员为了节约燃料而不装空气滤清器是错误的。
Oil filter and fuel filter keep good working condition, which is very important to reduce the wear of cylinder liner. Strengthening the maintenance of "three filters" is an important measure to prevent mechanical impurities from entering the cylinder, reduce cylinder wear and prolong the service life of the engine, especially in rural areas and sandy areas. Some drivers are absolutely wrong not to install air filters in order to save fuel.
4、保持发动机正常工作温度
4. Maintaining the Normal Working Temperature of the Engine
发动机的正常工作温度应处在80-90℃。温度过低，不能保持良好的润滑，会增大气缸壁的磨损，气缸内的水蒸气易凝结成水珠，溶解废气中的酸性气体分子，生成酸性物质，使气缸璧受到腐蚀磨损。试验表明，当气缸璧温度由90℃降到50℃时，气缸磨损量为90℃时的4倍。温度过高，会使气缸强度降低而加剧磨损，甚可能使活塞过度膨胀而造成“胀缸”事故。
The normal working temperature of the engine should be between 80 and 90 C. If the temperature is too low to maintain good lubrication, the wear of the cylinder wall will be increased, the water vapor in the cylinder will easily condense into water droplets, dissolve the acid gas molecules in the exhaust gas, and form acid substances, which will cause the cylinder to be corroded and worn. The test results show that when the temperature of cylinder decreases from 90 C to 50 C, the wear of cylinder is four times as much as that of 90 C. If the temperature is too high, the strength of the cylinder will be reduced and the wear will be aggravated, and even the piston may be over-expanded, which may cause the "cylinder expansion" accident.
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