用观察法诊断故障：
Fault diagnosis by observation:
所谓观察法就是汽车修理工按照汽车使用者指出的故障发生的部位仔细观察故障现象，而后对故障做出判断，这是一种应用有效的故障诊断法。
The so-called observation method is that the auto repairman carefully observes the fault phenomenon according to the fault location pointed out by the auto user, and then makes a judgment on the fault, which is an effective fault diagnosis method.
济南奔驰汽车维修人员举个例子，如对发机排气管冒蓝色烟雾的故障，可以通过冒蓝烟的现象来判断，如在使用过程中长期冒蓝烟，发动机使用里程又很长，一般可以判断为气缸或活塞环磨损，致使配合间隙过大，由于机油盘中的机油通过活塞环与缸壁之间的间隙窜入燃烧室引起的。
For example, Jinan Benz automobile maintenance personnel can judge the problem of blue smoke from the exhaust pipe of the engine by the phenomenon of blue smoke. For example, if the blue smoke is emitted for a long time in the process of use, and the engine service mileage is very long, it can generally be judged that the cylinder or piston ring is worn, resulting in excessive fit clearance, which is caused by the oil in the oil pan leaking into the combustion chamber through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall.
如果只是在发动机刚一发动时冒出一股蓝烟，以后冒蓝烟又逐渐变得比较轻微，一般可以判断为发动机气门杆上的挡油罩老化或内孔磨损使挡油功能失效，而有少量机油沿着气门杆漏入气缸引起的。
If the engine only emits a blue smoke at the beginning of the engine, and then the blue smoke gradually becomes slight, it can generally be judged that the oil baffle on the engine valve stem is aging or the inner hole is worn, which causes the oil baffle function to fail, and a small amount of oil leaks into the cylinder along the valve stem.
有经验者可以准确判断，经验不足者还应进一步观察。在观察的过程中，还要用经验和理论，做出周密的思考和推证，不能简单草率，不能为表面现象所迷惑。有些现象对于有经验者也不是一下子就能看清楚的，那么就要多看几次，仔细的观察，才能由表及里，把故障现象看透。
Experienced people can make accurate judgments, and inexperienced people should make further observation. In the process of observation, we should use experience and theory to make thorough thinking and reasoning. We should not be simple and hasty, nor be confused by superficial phenomena. Some phenomena can not be clearly seen by experienced people at once, so it is necessary to watch them several times and observe carefully to see through the fault phenomenon from the outside to the inside.
用触摸法诊断故障：
Fault diagnosis by touch method:
人体和人的手脚都是灵敏的感觉器官，可凭感觉来诊断汽车和发动机故障。以汽车传到人体上的感觉来判断。人们乘坐汽车，可凭行车中汽车的振动情况判断悬挂系统和减振器的损坏情况，一般驾驶员，敏感，常开一辆车，减振器失效后驾驶员都能感觉到。
The human body and human hands and feet are sensitive sensory organs, which can be used to diagnose car and engine faults. Judging by the feeling that the car transmits to the human body. People can judge the damage of the suspension system and shock absorber by the vibration of the car in the driving process. The driver is sensitive and often drives a car. The driver can feel the damage after the shock absorber fails.
汽车要上公路或高速行驶，通常驾驶员都要检查四个车轮，用脚踹车轮轮胎，可凭轮胎的弹力判断出轮胎的气压，可凭轮胎的偏斜和摆振情况判断轮毂轴承的紧固情况，就是典型的用脚触摸法。汽车在高速公路上行驶后，驾驶员可用手摸一摸轮胎的温度，如是夏季轮胎磨的很热，就要当心了。
When the car is going on the highway or at high speed, the driver usually checks four wheels and treads the wheels and tires with his feet. The tire pressure can be determined by the elasticity of the tires, and the tightness of the hub bearing can be determined by the deflection and shimmy of the tires, which is a typical foot touch method. After the car is driving on the highway, the driver can touch the temperature of the tire with his hand. If the tire is very hot in summer, be careful.
在维修中，用手摸检查摩擦面的磨损情况；用手感觉摩擦副配合的松紧度等，都是无处不在无处不用的。总之，手是人体的重要器官，活是用手干的，在干活中就有感觉，而这个感觉就是故障诊断的好器具。
During the maintenance, check the wear of the friction surface by hand; Feel the tightness of the friction pair by hand. It is everywhere and everywhere. In short, the hand is an important organ of the human body. Work is done by hand. There is a feeling in the work, and this feeling is a good tool for fault diagnosis.
Therefore, you can use observation and touch methods to diagnose whether the car is faulty. Of course, you must check and maintain it properly in order to prevent problems and pay attention to us http://www.lutongqixiu.com Learn more about car maintenance.
