1. Use lubricating oil of appropriate quality grade

对汽油发动机应根据进排气系统的附加装置和使用条件选用SD—SF级汽油机油;柴油发动机则要根据机械负荷选用CB—CD级柴油机油，选用标准以不低于生产厂家规定要求为准。

For gasoline engine, sd-sf grade gasoline engine oil should be selected according to the additional devices and service conditions of the intake and exhaust system; for diesel engine, cb-cd grade diesel engine oil should be selected according to the mechanical load, and the selection standard should not be lower than the requirements specified by the manufacturer.

2.定期更换机油及滤芯

2. Change the engine oil and filter element regularly

任何质量等级的润滑油在使用过程中油质都会发生变化。到一定里程之后，性能恶化，会给发动机带来种种问题。为了避免故障的发生，应结合使用条件定期换油，并使油量适中。机油从滤清器的细孔通过时把油中的固体颗粒和粘稠物积存在滤清器中。如滤清器堵塞，机油不能通过滤芯时，会胀破滤芯或打开安全阀，从旁通阀通过，仍把脏物带回润滑部位，促使发动机磨损，内部的污染加剧。

Any quality grade of lubricating oil will change during use. After a certain mileage, the performance will deteriorate, which will bring various problems to the engine. In order to avoid the occurrence of faults, the oil should be changed regularly according to the service conditions, and the oil quantity should be moderate. When the oil passes through the fine hole of the filter, the solid particles and viscous substances in the oil accumulate in the filter. If the filter is blocked and the oil can not pass through the filter element, it will burst the filter element or open the safety valve and pass through the bypass valve, which will still bring the dirt back to the lubricating part, causing the engine to wear and internal pollution to intensify.

 

3.保持曲轴箱通风良好

3. Keep the crankcase well ventilated

现在大部分汽油机都装有PCV阀促使发动机换气，但窜气中的污染物“会沉积在PCV阀的周围，可能使阀堵塞。如果PCV阀堵塞则污染气体逆向流人空气滤清器，污染滤芯，使过滤能力降低，吸入的混合气过脏，更加造成曲轴箱的污染，导致燃料消耗增大，发动机磨损加大，甚至损坏发动机。因此，须定期保养PCV，清除PCV阀周围的污染物。

At present, most gasoline engines are equipped with PCV valve to promote engine ventilation, but the pollutants in the blowby "will deposit around the PCV valve, which may block the valve. If the PCV valve is blocked, the polluted gas will flow into the air filter reversely, contaminate the filter element, reduce the filtration capacity, and the inhaled mixture is too dirty, which will further cause the pollution of the crankcase, increase the fuel consumption, increase the engine wear, and even damage the engine. Therefore, the PCV must be maintained regularly to remove the pollutants around the PCV valve.

4.定期清洗曲轴箱

4. Clean the crankcase regularly

发动机在运转过程中，燃烧室内的高压未燃烧气体、酸、水份、硫和氮的氧化物经过活塞环与缸壁之间的间隙进入曲轴箱中，与零件磨损产生的金属粉末混在一起，形成油泥。量少时在油中悬浮，量大时从油中析出，堵塞滤清器和油孔，造成发动机润滑困难，引起磨损。此外，机油在高温时氧化会生成漆膜和积碳粘结在活塞上，使发动机油耗增大、功率下降，严重时使活塞环卡死而拉缸。因此，定期使用清洗曲轴箱，保持发动机内部的清洁。

During the operation of the engine, the high pressure unburned gas, acid, water, sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber enter the crankcase through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, and mix with the metal powder produced by the wear of parts to form sludge. When the amount is small, it will be suspended in the oil. When the amount is large, it will precipitate from the oil and block the filter and oil hole, causing the engine lubrication difficulty and wear. In addition, when the engine oil is oxidized at high temperature, it will produce paint film and carbon deposit and stick to the piston, which will increase the fuel consumption and reduce the power of the engine. In serious cases, the piston ring will be stuck and the cylinder will be pulled. Therefore, clean the crankcase regularly to keep the engine clean.

5.定期保养水箱

5. Maintain the water tank regularly

发动机水箱生锈、结垢是更常见的问题。锈迹和水垢会限制冷却液在冷却系统中的流动，降低散热作用，导致发动机过热，甚至造成发动机损坏。冷却液氧化还会形成酸性物质，腐蚀水箱的金属部件，造成水箱破损、渗漏。定期使用清洗水箱，除去其中的锈迹和水垢，不但能保证发动机正常工作，而且延长水箱和发动机的整体寿命。

Engine water tank rust, scaling is the most common problem. Rust and scale will restrict the flow of coolant in the cooling system, reduce the heat dissipation effect, cause engine overheating, and even cause engine damage. The oxidation of the coolant will also form acidic substances, corroding the metal parts of the water tank, causing damage and leakage of the water tank. Regular use of the cleaning water tank to remove rust and scale can not only ensure the normal operation of the engine, but also extend the overall life of the water tank and engin