1. Power supply system

汽车电源系统的功能主要是发电、储电、供电。其包括两个部分：蓄电池、发电机及调节器。当发动机不工作或转速低于发电机发电转速时，由蓄电池供电；当发动机超过某一转速时，发电机发出电能，在向用电设备供电的同时，也给蓄电池充电（储电）。调节器的作用是在发电机发电时保持其输出电压的稳定。

The main functions of automobile power supply system are power generation, power storage and power supply. It consists of two parts: battery, generator and regulator. When the engine does not work or the speed is lower than the generator speed, the power is supplied by the battery; When the engine exceeds a certain speed, the generator sends out electric energy to supply power to the electric equipment and charge the battery (store electricity). The function of the regulator is to keep the output voltage stable when the generator generates electricity.

2．用电设备

2. Electrical equipment

用电设备主要由以下几个系统组成。

Electrical equipment is mainly composed of the following systems.

（1）起动系统。

(1) Start the system.

起动系统用来起动发动机，主要包括起动机及其控制电路。

The starting system is used to start the engine, mainly including the starter and its control circuit.

（2）点火系统。

(2) Ignition system.

点火系统用来产生电火花，点燃汽油机气缸中的可燃混合气。它有传统点火系统、电子点火系统和微机控制点火系统之分。 传统点火系统包括蓄电池、点火开关、点火线圈和附加电阻、分电器（断电器、配电器、容电器、点火提前调节装置）、火花塞、高压导线等。 电子点火系统包括蓄电池、点火开关、点火线圈、信号发生器、点火控制器、点火器、火花塞、高压导线等。 微机控制点火系统包括蓄电池、点火开关、传感器（包括曲轴位置、凸轮轴位置等）、发动机

The ignition system is used to produce electric spark and ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder of gasoline engine. It can be divided into traditional ignition system, electronic ignition system and microcomputer controlled ignition system. Traditional ignition systems include batteries, ignition switches, ignition coils and additional resistors, distributor (electrical interruptors, distribution devices, electrical appliances, ignition advance adjustment devices), spark plugs, high-voltage wires, etc. Electronic ignition system includes battery, ignition switch, ignition coil, signal generator, ignition controller, igniter, spark plug, high voltage wire, etc. The microcomputer controlled ignition system includes battery, ignition switch, sensor (including crankshaft position, camshaft position, etc.) and engine

3 控制计算机、执行器（包括点火线圈、点火控制器、火花塞等）。

3 control computer, actuator (including ignition coil, ignition controller, spark plug, etc.).

（3）照明、信号装置。

(3) Lighting and signal devices.

照明系统提供车辆夜间安全行驶、工作等的照明，包括车外和车内的照明灯具。 信号装置提供安全行车所必需的信号，包括音响信号和灯光信号两类。

The lighting system provides lighting for safe driving and working of vehicles at night, including lighting lamps outside and inside the vehicle. Signal devices provide signals necessary for safe driving, including sound signals and light signals.

（4）仪表及报警装置。

(4) Instruments and alarm devices.

仪表及报警装置用来监测发动机及汽车的工作情况，使驾驶员能够通过仪表及报警装置，及时发现汽车各总成运行的各种参数和异常情况，确保汽车正常运行。它主要包括车速里程表、发动机转速表、水温表、燃油表、电压（电流）表、机油压力表、气压表、各种报警灯、蜂鸣器等。

The instrument and alarm device are used to monitor the working conditions of the engine and the car, so that the driver can timely find various parameters and abnormal conditions of the car's assembly operation through the instrument and alarm device, so as to ensure the normal operation of the car. It mainly includes speedometer, engine tachometer, water temperature meter, fuel meter, voltage (current) meter, oil pressure meter, barometer, various alarm lights, buzzer, etc.

（5）辅助电气设备。

(5) Auxiliary electrical equipment.

辅助电气设备包括电动风扇、车窗清洁装置（刮水器、洗涤器、除霜装置）、电动车窗、电动座椅、电动后视镜、汽车防盗装置、汽车空调、汽车音像系统等。辅助电气设备有日益增多的趋势，主要向舒适、娱乐、保障安全等方面发展。车辆的豪华程度越高，辅助电气设备就越多。

Auxiliary electrical equipment includes electric fan, window cleaning device (wiper, washer, defroster), electric window, electric seat, electric rearview mirror, car anti-theft device, car air conditioner, car audio-visual system, etc. Auxiliary electrical equipment has an increasing trend, mainly to comfort, entertainment, security and other aspects of development. The more luxurious the vehicle is, the more auxiliary electrical equipment there will be.

（6）汽车电子控制系统。

(6) Automobile electronic control system.

汽车电子控制系统主要指利用微机控制的各个系统，包括电控燃油喷射系统、电控点火系统、电控自动变速系统、制动防抱死系统、电控悬架系统、自动巡航系统、安全气囊等。电控系统的采用可以使汽车上的各个系统均处于工作状态，达到提高汽车动力性、经济性、安全性、舒适性，降低汽车污染排放的目的。

Automotive electronic control system mainly refers to various systems controlled by microcomputer, including electronic fuel injection system, electronic ignition system, electronic automatic transmission system, anti lock braking system, electronic suspension system, automatic cruise system, airbag, etc. The use of electronic control system can make every system in the car in the best working state, to improve the car power, economy, safety, comfort, reduce vehicle pollution emissions.

3．全车电路及配电装置

3. Whole vehicle circuit and power distribution device

全车电路及配电装置包括接线盒、保险装置、继电器、电线束及插接件、电路开关等，使全车电路构成一个统一的整体。 本教材除了涉及传统电气设备中的电子控制装置外，仅对诸如电控燃油喷射、电子控制自动变速器、制动防抱死等系统进行简单介绍。

The whole vehicle circuit and power distribution device include central junction box, safety device, relay, wire harness and connector, circuit switch, etc., which make the whole vehicle circuit form a unified whole. In addition to the electronic control devices in the traditional electrical equipment, this textbook only introduces the electronic control fuel injection, electronic control automatic transmission, anti lock braking and other systems.