钻孔的标准公差为IT10 ~ IT11，表面粗糙度为Ra50 ~ ra12.5，只能加工要求低的孔或作为孔的粗加工。钻井作业通常是在钻机上进行的，有时是用手进行的。常用的钻井工具主要有:
The standard tolerance of boreholes is IT10 ~ IT11, and the surface roughness is Ra50 ~ ra12.5. It can only process holes with low requirements or rough processing as holes. Drilling operations are usually carried out on rigs, sometimes by hand. Commonly used drilling tools are:
手电钻和手风钻。这是一种由电力和压缩空气分别驱动的手持钻具。它的进食是靠人的推力完成的。具有转速高、钻速快、使用轻便等特点。使用手钻时应注意，如接线应完好，操作时应戴绝缘手套。气动手钻以压缩空气为动力，相对，但成本较高。
Electric drill and pneumatic drill. This is a hand-held drilling tool driven by electric power and compressed air respectively. Its feeding is done by human thrust. It has the characteristics of high speed, fast drilling speed and light use. When using the hand drill, attention should be paid to safety. If the wiring should be intact, insulating gloves should be worn when operating. Pneumatic hand drill is driven by compressed air, which is relatively safe, but the cost is high.
(2)台钻和立式钻。台钻有很多种类型，但其结构和工作原理基本相同，都是由电机带动钻头旋转完成切削动作，并由进给手柄控制进给。立式钻床有很多种，如z525b型立式钻床。钻孔大直径5mm，主轴有六种转速，可手动或自动进给刀具。
(2) Bench drill and vertical drill. There are many types of bench drills, but their structure and working principle are basically the same. They are all driven by motor to complete the cutting action and controlled by feed handle. There are many kinds of vertical drilling machine, such as Z525b vertical drilling machine. The maximum diameter of drilling hole is 5mm, and the spindle has six rotational speeds. The tool can be fed manually or automatically.
摇臂钻床。摇臂钻床结构复杂，自动化程度高，使用范围广。国产Z35摇臂钻床大直径为50mm。摇臂上可移动摇臂上的摇臂主轴箱，摇臂可绕主轴柱轴线旋转，并沿主轴柱上下移动。横臂的位置由制动装置固定。因此，在允许的横臂长度范围内，立轴可以对准工件的任何位置。
Radial drilling machine. Rocker drilling machine has complex structure, high automation and wide application range. The maximum diameter of domestic Z35 rocker drilling machine is 50mm. The rocker arm spindle box on the rocker arm can be movable on the rocker arm. The rocker arm can rotate around the axis of the spindle column and move up and down along the spindle column. The position of the arm is fixed by the brake device. Therefore, within the allowable arm length range, the vertical axis can be aligned to any position of the workpiece.
(4)标准麻花钻头。钻井主工具对钻井质量有重要影响。
(4) Standard twist drills. Drilling main tools have an important influence on drilling quality.
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