1对乱接或自接车内电器及音响的轿车，应首先检查搭接部件和搭接件线路，并排除故障。因乱接电器和音响易造成车用电脑失效和其他电器烧损，所以应首先排除此类故障，再修理更换其他损坏件，可避免重复返工返修。

For cars that randomly connect or self connect internal electrical appliances and speakers, the first step is to check the connecting components and wiring of the connecting components, and eliminate any faults. Improper connection of electrical appliances and speakers can easily cause the failure of car computers and burn damage to other electrical appliances. Therefore, such faults should be eliminated first, and other damaged parts should be repaired and replaced to avoid repeated rework and repair.

2对于很久没修好的车，应先查验轿车的VIN17位码，弄清厂牌、车型、年份，并进行问诊。不要先忙着检查试车。往往这类车是“路边店”盲目拆装后造成了复杂故障，且拆换件又多为伪劣件，所以应向车主声明修理条件(能不能修、几时修复等)，以防止嫁祸于已，此类教训甚多，有必要防患于未然。

For cars that have not been repaired for a long time, the VIN 17 digit code of the sedan should be checked first to determine the brand, model, and year, and then a consultation should be conducted. Don't rush to check and test drive first. Often, these types of cars have complex malfunctions caused by blind disassembly and assembly by roadside shops, and the replacement parts are mostly fake and inferior. Therefore, it is necessary to declare the repair conditions (whether they can be repaired, when they will be repaired, etc.) to the car owner to prevent blaming oneself. There are many lessons to be learned from this, and it is necessary to take preventive measures.

3从汽车加装件查起，汽车加装件往往是故障高发区。为适应市场需要，近几年加装了空调装置，却对发动机未作改进。加装空调后功率消能增加，造成原发动机功率不足，空调效果不佳，空调离合器反复吸合，易烧损，所以通过空调吸合声，可迅速判断故障部位。依维柯车加装涡轮增压器后，部分配件质量不佳，易发生漏气和轴承烧损故障，所以该车爬坡和加速时发动机乏力(从声响可判断)，可首先观察检查涡轮增压器有无窜气和异响

Starting from the inspection of car accessories, car accessories are often the high-risk areas for malfunctions. In order to meet market demand, air conditioning units have been installed in recent years, but no improvements have been made to the engine. After installing air conditioning, the power dissipation increases, resulting in insufficient power of the original engine, poor air conditioning effect, and repeated engagement of the air conditioning clutch, which is prone to burning. Therefore, the fault location can be quickly identified through the sound of air conditioning engagement. After installing a turbocharger on an Iveco car, some parts have poor quality and are prone to air leakage and bearing burnout. Therefore, the engine is weak when climbing and accelerating (as can be judged from the sound). First, observe and check whether the turbocharger has any blowby or abnormal noise

4从改装件查找故障。对自主改装车，车辆发生动力不足，电器烧损，空调效果不佳或损坏，应先查找电压转换器、改代电路和空调改代部件是否合格。

4. Search for faults from modified parts. For self modified vehicles, if there is insufficient power, electrical damage, poor or damaged air conditioning, the voltage converter, replacement circuit, and air conditioning replacement components should be checked for qualification first.

5对返修车辆，要先从原修理部位查找。以下情况：更换件是否伪劣件；拆装件是否装错(左右、前后、上下方向装反)；配合件是否对准装配记号；是否按厂家要求更换了一次性使用拆装件(重要螺栓螺母、轴销、密封垫、O型垫圈等)；是否按厂家要求成对更换配件(如减震弹簧)；修后是否进行平衡试验(如轮胎)，排除以上因素后，再行分析检查其他部位。

5 pairs of repaired vehicles need to be searched for from the original repair site first. The following situations: whether the replacement parts are fake or inferior; Whether the disassembled parts are installed incorrectly (installed in the opposite direction of left and right, front and back, and up and down); Are the mating parts aligned with the assembly markings; Have disposable disassembly and assembly parts (important bolts, nuts, shaft pins, gaskets, O-rings, etc.) been replaced according to the manufacturer's requirements; Whether to replace accessories (such as shock absorber springs) in pairs according to the manufacturer's requirements; After repair, whether to conduct a balance test (such as on tires), eliminate the above factors, and then analyze and inspect other parts.

6对轿车因碰撞和猛烈震动后熄火并难以启动的故障，应首先检查安全锁止装置，不要先盲目查找其他部件故障。其实只要让安全锁止装置复位，轿车便可重新启动。富康988、日本凌志、福特等车均有此装置。

If a car stalls and is difficult to start due to collision and violent vibration, the safety locking device should be checked first, and other component faults should not be blindly searched for first. In fact, as long as the safety locking device is reset, the car can be restarted. Fukang 988, Japanese Lexus, Ford and other cars all have this device.

7从国产件查找故障。合资生产的轿车在实行国产化的过程中，确实有部分装车的国产件质量不高。这一点可从国产件替代前后的现象对比中发现，如依维柯，制动鼓、盘、片改用国产件后制动系统较原装进口件故障率提高，所以检查故障时，应先从此入手，而不要先检查制动总泵、分泵等部件。富康电喷车上的碳罐改用国产件后，噪音大，易漏油，所以发动机发生异响时，首先检查碳罐是否工作正常。凡此种种，都是目前客观存在的事实，不能回避。

7. Find faults from domestic parts. During the localization process of joint venture produced sedans, there are indeed some domestically produced parts with low quality that are loaded onto the vehicle. This can be observed from the comparison of the phenomenon before and after the replacement of domestic parts. For example, for Iveco, the failure rate of the brake system is higher after using domestic parts for the brake drum, disc, and disc compared to the original imported parts. Therefore, when checking for faults, one should start from this point first, rather than checking the brake master cylinder, cylinder, and other components first. After replacing the carbon canister on Fukang electronic fuel injection vehicles with domestically produced parts, the noise is loud and it is prone to oil leakage. Therefore, when the engine produces abnormal noise, the first thing to check is whether the carbon canister is working properly. All of these are objective facts that currently exist and cannot be avoided.

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